Literature Articles

This searchable database contains bibliographic information for literature (research-based and policy/practice) relating to dispute resolution in special education.

CADRE is interested in identifying additional articles and publications to include in this database. If you are aware of other such resources, please send an email to cadre@directionservice.org with as much information as possible about the resource (e.g., title, author, source, date), and include a copy of the publication or a URL link, if available. Interested in emerging research and knowledge gaps in IDEA dispute resolution?

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Is mediation a fair way to resolve special education disputes? First empirical findings.

Examines whether special ed. mediations are successful and looks at parents’ and schools’ perceptions of fairness, satisfaction with results, implementation of agreements, and looks at SES of parents, characteristics of children, wealth of districts, and presence of advocates. Authors collected...Learn more

It’s Not the “What,” It’s the “How”: Four Key Behaviors for Authentic Leadership in Early Intervention

This article discusses four key behaviors that are intrinsic to natural, “authentic” leadership, including: 1) exercising influence to reach shared goals, 2) engaging in continuous learning, 3) building and nurturing relationships, and 4) modeling behaviors desired of others. The behaviors...Learn more

Judicial Appeals for Hearing/Review Officer Decisions Under IDEA: An Empirical Analysis

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the 65 hearing officer decisions in Illinois between 1982 and 2010 that were subject to a court appeal available in the Westlaw or Individuals with Disabilities Education Law Report (IDELR) databases. These 65 cases yielded 86 issue rulings. Based on refined measures...Learn more

Korean-American mothers' perception of professional support in early intervention and special education programs.

The authors present their findings related to interviewing 20 Korean-American mothers of children with disabilities. Data was collected related to the participants’ perceptions of the expertise, attitudes, and behavior of social and educational service providers, differences in cultural values and...Learn more

Labeling effects on special education and general education teachers in both student attributions and conflict resolution

UMI Number: 1512313 [Abstract] "Understanding how labels and prior training affect teachers of students with a disability is a step towards creating effective educational environments. There were two goals of the study. The first aim was to examine how teacher training (special education versus...Learn more

Latina Mothers' Views of a Parent-to-Parent Support Group in the Special Education System

Abstract: Parent-professional partnership literature continues to emphasize the importance of including the parent voice. Spanish-speaking families are often excluded from such studies because of the language barrier. This article presents a qualitative interview study of eight Latina mothers of...Learn more

Law, culture, and children with disabilities: Educational rights and the construction of difference.

Pre-IDEA. Discusses research on use of interdisciplinary Committees on Special Education (CSE) when creating IEP. Discusses parental views and impressions and their effects on the decision-making process. When parents understood the role and perspective of the CSE members, their satisfaction with...Learn more

Learning From Parents of Children With Disabilities

*/ [Abstract] The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to examine the impact that interactions with parents of children with disabilities might have on 10 graduate students (6 men and 4 women) between the ages of 22 and 32 years (M = 26.7 years, SD = 3.5) enrolled in a 3-week intensive music...Learn more

Legal and Research Considerations regarding the Importance of Developing and Nurturing Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships in Special Education Consultation

Local alternative dispute resolution: Best practices in four California special education local plan areas.

The purpose of this study was to determine what were the best practices used by four Special Education Local Plan Areas (SELPAs) in California as they implemented local alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes. Local ADR was also contrasted to state level due process mediations and hearings...Learn more

Manifestation determinations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: What the new causality criteria mean.

In this article the author examines the concept of manifestation-determination (M-D), its evolution and criteria. The author states that with regard to M-D, the focus has shifted from the IEP to causality. The article provides a discussion related to this topic.Learn more

Maryland Special Education Due Process Decisions: A Closer Look at the Issues and Outcomes

School districts are responsible for providing eligible students with disabilities with a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). Parents of eligible students with disabilities have three complaint mechanisms available when there are disputes with the school district regarding FAPE. One of those...Learn more

Mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution for the individuals with disabilities education act: A just proposal?

Reports results of Pennsylvania Due Process studies, which examined whether justice is promoted by the IDEA’s due process model. Study found that if parents have the ability to influence the admin. hearings, objective justice was promoted. If the parents were unable to use the process to their...Learn more

Mediation in special education: Two states' experiences.

The report examines the use by two state governments of mediation to resolve disputes between schools and parents of handicapped children. Officials, parents, educators, and legal personnel from California and Massachusetts were interviewed, mediations were observed, mediation agreements examined,...Learn more

Multiple Perspectives on Parent Involvement for Middle School Students Receiving Special Education Services

[Abstract] "Parent involvement is recognized as an important factor in the education of all students, including those receiving special education services. Research indicates that parents of students with disabilities often experience barriers to their participation in their children’s education,...Learn more

National Trends in the Frequency and Outcomes of Hearing and Review Officer Decisions Under the IDEA: An Empirical Analysis

This article presents trends in hearing/review officer decisions under IDEA. Employing a sample of 361 cases from around the country, drawn randomly from thirty-five years of cases published in the Individuals with Disabilities Law Report, this research documents that a handful of jurisdictions...Learn more

Navigating Special Education Disputes in Schools

Through a question-and-answer format, this article presents the views of two experienced special education attorneys on a number of ways in which parents and school districts can work together. They address communication, changes in law and regulations, and the valuable roles of IEP facilitation,...Learn more

On-the-Job Practices of Early Childhood Special Education Providers Trained in Family-Centered Practices

This qualitative study investigated the use of family-centered practices by graduates of two early childhood special education personnel preparation programs that embedded family-centered pedagogy and involvement in all coursework. Three cohorts, involving 19 graduates employed in 19 different...Learn more

Optional IDEA alternative dispute resolution.

This In-Depth Policy Analysis is the result of findings based on a survey sent to all special education units of state education agencies. The survey requested information about the use of 10 alternative dispute resolution processes not specifically required under IDEA, the extent of their use, and...Learn more

Parent Empowerment: Connecting With Preservice Special Education Teachers

[Abstract] Parent empowerment includes the ability to meet the needs of one's family while feeling in control. This phenomenological study seeks to understand the experience of 71 parents of children with disabilities who participated with pre-service teachers in a 16-week special education course...Learn more

Parent involvement in educational decision-making: A Hawaiian perspective.

This article describes the results of a qualitative case study involving the parents of three children of Hawaiian descent living in rural Hawaii. Parents shared their experiences of educational decision-making for their children with disabilities. Results revealed that parents responded to...Learn more

Parent Perspectives on Role Engagement An Investigation of Parents of Children With ASD and Their Self-Reported Roles With Education Professionals

This exploratory study employed qualitative methodology to analyze interview data that emerged from face-to-face interviews with eight parents of four children With autism spectrum disorder. The study focused on the roles these parents played as they monitored their children's educational programs...Learn more

Parents' Perceptions of Engagement During IEP Meetings

[Abstract] "Parents of special education students may take a passive role at individual education planning (IEP) meetings. This passivity often results in poor planning and reduced student performance at school. Understanding parent experiences during IEP meetings for children could help...Learn more

Parents' voices: ‘why and how we advocate’. A meta-synthesis of parents' experiences of advocating for their child with autism spectrum disorder

Parenting a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be stressful, and accessing services can add to this stress. Self-efficacy, agency and advocacy are important for parents when accessing and using services. To develop insight into parental advocacy, a meta-synthesis was undertaken to...Learn more

Parents’ Experiences as Predictors of State Accountability Measures of Schools’ Facilitation of Parent Involvement

[Abstract] "The aim of this study was to ascertain which dimensions of parents’ experiences with schools are most strongly associated with parents’ perceptions that schools are or are not facilitating parent involvement as mandated by the federal accountability system under the Individuals With...Learn more

Literature Articles

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Program Measure

Intended Audience

Specific Emphasis

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Is mediation a fair way to resolve special education disputes? First empirical findings.

It’s Not the “What,” It’s the “How”: Four Key Behaviors for Authentic Leadership in Early Intervention

Judicial Appeals for Hearing/Review Officer Decisions Under IDEA: An Empirical Analysis

Korean-American mothers' perception of professional support in early intervention and special education programs.

Labeling effects on special education and general education teachers in both student attributions and conflict resolution

Latina Mothers' Views of a Parent-to-Parent Support Group in the Special Education System

Law, culture, and children with disabilities: Educational rights and the construction of difference.

Learning From Parents of Children With Disabilities

Legal and Research Considerations regarding the Importance of Developing and Nurturing Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships in Special Education Consultation

Local alternative dispute resolution: Best practices in four California special education local plan areas.

Manifestation determinations under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: What the new causality criteria mean.

Maryland Special Education Due Process Decisions: A Closer Look at the Issues and Outcomes

Mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution for the individuals with disabilities education act: A just proposal?

Mediation in special education: Two states' experiences.

Multiple Perspectives on Parent Involvement for Middle School Students Receiving Special Education Services

National Trends in the Frequency and Outcomes of Hearing and Review Officer Decisions Under the IDEA: An Empirical Analysis

Navigating Special Education Disputes in Schools

On-the-Job Practices of Early Childhood Special Education Providers Trained in Family-Centered Practices

Optional IDEA alternative dispute resolution.

Parent Empowerment: Connecting With Preservice Special Education Teachers

Parent involvement in educational decision-making: A Hawaiian perspective.

Parent Perspectives on Role Engagement An Investigation of Parents of Children With ASD and Their Self-Reported Roles With Education Professionals

Parents' Perceptions of Engagement During IEP Meetings

Parents' voices: ‘why and how we advocate’. A meta-synthesis of parents' experiences of advocating for their child with autism spectrum disorder

Parents’ Experiences as Predictors of State Accountability Measures of Schools’ Facilitation of Parent Involvement

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