Literature Articles

This searchable database contains bibliographic information for literature (research-based and policy/practice) relating to dispute resolution in special education.

CADRE is interested in identifying additional articles and publications to include in this database. If you are aware of other such resources, please send an email to cadre@directionservice.org with as much information as possible about the resource (e.g., title, author, source, date), and include a copy of the publication or a URL link, if available. Interested in emerging research and knowledge gaps in IDEA dispute resolution?

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"I Didn't Sign Up For This!": Considering The Impact of Due Process On Teachers

When conflict between schools and parents escalate to due process, there are repercussions. Teachers, whose work and testimony are generally vital elements in determining hearing decisions, are largely overlooked in the research. This paper introduces the impact that participating in due process...Learn more

A Brief Model for Explaining Dispute Resolution Options in Special Education

An Examination of Group Facilitator Challenges and Problem-Solving Techniques During IEP Team Meetings

[abstract] Special education professionals serve as facilitators of Individualized Education Plan (IEP) team meetings. As special educators serve on many IEP teams during the course of an academic year, and as the member composition for each team varies, facilitators are confronted with a unique...Learn more

Applying systems‐based thinking to build better IEP relationships: a case for relational coordination

This paper explores methods by which the Individualized Education Plan (IEP) development process can be improved through the use of systems‐based thinking, specifically through the use of Gittell’s (2016) Relational Coordination Model. IEP development meetings have been described as meaningless...Learn more

Beyond the Dotted Line: Empowering Parents From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families to Participate

Parent participation in the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process is a critical factor in improving the effectiveness of children’s special education programs and services. However, many families, particularly those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds, are...Learn more

Can We Talk? Using Community–Based Participatory Action Research to Build Family and School Partnerships with Families of Color

Research has demonstrated persistent, disproportionally negative educational outcomes for students of color, causing national concern in this area. School personnel increasingly understand the need to engage with parents as educational partners, but parents of color may feel marginalized in these...Learn more

Challenges Providing Services to K-12 English Learners and Students with Disabilities during COVID-19

Due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, almost all school districts rapidly shifted to distance learning in spring of the 2019-2020 school year. This shift laid bare both the logistical and instructional challenges of distance learning, particularly for English learners and...Learn more

Culture in Inclusive Schools: Parental Perspectives on Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships

This qualitative study improves understanding of parent perspectives about the factors that facilitate family-professional partnerships in schools recognized for inclusive practices. Five themes emerged from 11 focus groups consisting of parents of students with and without disabilities and with...Learn more

Due Process Hearings Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act: Justice Delayed...

Abstract: The authors report the average duration of fully adjudicated hearings was much longer than the regulatory timeline, and only 15% of the standard decisions for the six-year period were completed within the 75-day timeline. They note the 75-day benchmark serves as a guideline goal, with the...Learn more

Exhaustion of Section 504 and ADA Claims Under the IDEA: Resolving The Confusion

Abstract: The IDEA’s exhaustion provision is subject to confusion among courts as well as the parties. Its proper judicial compromise that this provision represents in reversing the Smith v. Robinson exclusivity ruling. The result of the confusion is making the adjudicative process under federal...Learn more

Father Involvement in Early Intervention: Exploring the Gap Between Service Providers’ Perceptions and Practices

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine early intervention (EI) service providers’ perceptions of the roles played by fathers in services, as well as their perceptions of the barriers that limit fathers from being engaged in the services provided for families of children with...Learn more

Frequency Trends in the State Complaint Procedures Under the IDEA

Introduction: One of the most active areas of litigation in K-12 education is in special education, an area of litigation that has risen steadily since the 1980s. While the primary focus for analyzing litigation trends has been court cases, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)...Learn more

IDEA Written State Complaints: Making the System More Accessible, Responsive and Equitable for Students with Disabilities

Impartial Hearings under the IDEA: Legal Issues and Answers

[introduction] This Question and Answer document is specific to impartial hearing officers (IHOs) and the impartial hearings that they conduct under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It does not cover the IHO’s remedial authority, which is the subject of separate comprehensive...Learn more

Is Appealing A Hearing Officer's Decision Likely To Result In a Major Outcome Change In The Final Court Decision

[Abstract] Adjudications under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) continue to be an active area of education litigation at both the hearing officer (HO) and court levels. One of the many questions for IDEA litigants, in light of the considerable costs and time of this “ponderous...Learn more

Learning From Parents of Children With Disabilities

*/ [Abstract] The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to examine the impact that interactions with parents of children with disabilities might have on 10 graduate students (6 men and 4 women) between the ages of 22 and 32 years (M = 26.7 years, SD = 3.5) enrolled in a 3-week intensive music...Learn more

Measuring Accessibility of Written Communication for Parents of Students With Disabilities: Reviewing 30 Years of Readability Research

Effective communication is essential for successful school–family partnerships. Written communication is most common due to the efficiency of written documents, but challenges include assuring the information disseminated to parents is accessible based on readability, clarity, complexity, and...Learn more

Outcome Trends in State Complaint Procedures Decisions Under the IDEA

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act1 (IDEA) provides two alternative administrative, decisional dispute resolution mechanisms: due process complaints/hearing (DPH) and the state complaint system. The state complaint process has garnered far less attention than that devoted to DPH. To...Learn more

Parent–Teacher Conflict Related to Student Abilities: The Impact on Students and the Family–School Partnership

Family–school partnerships have a positive impact on both students and schools, yet they remain challenging to establish and maintain, particularly in the presence of parent–teacher conflict. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of parents, teachers, and students...Learn more

Policy-to-Practice—A Portraiture Study of Special Education Implementations to Improve Student Outcomes through Mediation

Abstract: Improving student outcomes for students with disabilities is the primary goal of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The IDEA charges school districts to collaborate closely with parents to design and execute an individualized education program (IEP) that allows...Learn more

Restorative Justice in U.S. Schools: A Research Review

[Excerpt from Overview, p.1] This report presents information garnered from a comprehensive review of the literature on restorative justice (RJ)1 in U.S. schools. The purpose of our review is to capture key issues, describe models of RJ, and summarize results from studies conducted in the field...Learn more

Restorative practice and special needs: a practical guide to working restoratively with young people

Restorative Practice (RP) is an effective approach to discipline that has the potential to transform behaviour by focusing on building and restoring relationships. This practical guide explains how to implement restorative approaches with young people with special needs in educational or...Learn more

See You in Court! How to Avoid IDEA Transition–Related Mediations and Due Process Hearings

School compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) transition services language requirements in this country has been an issue of concern to parents of students with disabilities as well as special education attorneys and advocates for quite some time. Evidence exists in...Learn more

Spotlight on Students With Disabilities

This brief discusses survey results about districts’ perceptions of the ease with which they were able to provide services for students with disabilities and to comply with federal law governing the education of students with disab ilities.Learn more

State Laws for Due Process Hearings Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

The IDEA provides the fundamental framework for state-level resolution of special education disputes, while also allowing states to add to (but not subtract from) the regulations for state and local education agencies. In this article Zirkel presents how each state has supplemented the federal...Learn more

Literature Articles

Type

Filter by Process

Sphere

Program Measure

Intended Audience

Specific Emphasis

Format Access

"I Didn't Sign Up For This!": Considering The Impact of Due Process On Teachers

A Brief Model for Explaining Dispute Resolution Options in Special Education

An Examination of Group Facilitator Challenges and Problem-Solving Techniques During IEP Team Meetings

Applying systems‐based thinking to build better IEP relationships: a case for relational coordination

Beyond the Dotted Line: Empowering Parents From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Families to Participate

Can We Talk? Using Community–Based Participatory Action Research to Build Family and School Partnerships with Families of Color

Challenges Providing Services to K-12 English Learners and Students with Disabilities during COVID-19

Culture in Inclusive Schools: Parental Perspectives on Trusting Family-Professional Partnerships

Due Process Hearings Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act: Justice Delayed...

Exhaustion of Section 504 and ADA Claims Under the IDEA: Resolving The Confusion

Father Involvement in Early Intervention: Exploring the Gap Between Service Providers’ Perceptions and Practices

Frequency Trends in the State Complaint Procedures Under the IDEA

IDEA Written State Complaints: Making the System More Accessible, Responsive and Equitable for Students with Disabilities

Impartial Hearings under the IDEA: Legal Issues and Answers

Is Appealing A Hearing Officer's Decision Likely To Result In a Major Outcome Change In The Final Court Decision

Learning From Parents of Children With Disabilities

Measuring Accessibility of Written Communication for Parents of Students With Disabilities: Reviewing 30 Years of Readability Research

Outcome Trends in State Complaint Procedures Decisions Under the IDEA

Parent–Teacher Conflict Related to Student Abilities: The Impact on Students and the Family–School Partnership

Policy-to-Practice—A Portraiture Study of Special Education Implementations to Improve Student Outcomes through Mediation

Restorative Justice in U.S. Schools: A Research Review

Restorative practice and special needs: a practical guide to working restoratively with young people

See You in Court! How to Avoid IDEA Transition–Related Mediations and Due Process Hearings

Spotlight on Students With Disabilities

State Laws for Due Process Hearings Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

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