Literature Articles

This searchable database contains bibliographic information for literature (research-based and policy/practice) relating to dispute resolution in special education.

CADRE is interested in identifying additional articles and publications to include in this database. If you are aware of other such resources, please send an email to cadre@directionservice.org with as much information as possible about the resource (e.g., title, author, source, date), and include a copy of the publication or a URL link, if available. Interested in emerging research and knowledge gaps in IDEA dispute resolution?

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Special education attorney’s fees: of Buckhannon, the IDEA reauthorization bills, and the IDEA as civil rights statute.

Pt. IV, “Empirical Research on IDEA Disputes.” Focuses on costs and attorney’s fees, but also includes information on prevalence and dynamic of the disputes. First data mentioned is from 1989 report by GAO. Between 1984 and 1988, more disputes appeared to be resolved informally, as numbers of...Learn more

Special education case law: An empirical trends analysis.

The authors examined the Education of the Handicapped Law Report (EHLR)/Individuals with Disabilities Education Law Report (IDELR) database to determine the frequency of occurrence and outcomes of published K-12 student special education decisions. Their analysis revealed three findings: first,...Learn more

Special Education Directors’ Experiences Preventing and Responding To Requests for Due Process Hearings

This qualitative research study was conducted to (1) identify the leadership actions special education directors took to increase cooperation and mitigate conflict between families and schools and (2) analyze what special education directors experienced after receiving requests for impartial due...Learn more

Special education due process hearings in Illinois.

The report analyzes the 314 special education due process hearings held in Illinois during 1978, 1979, and the first three months of 1980 and the 95 state level appeals from the hearing officer decisions with these 314 cases. Data are analyzed and reported by handicapping condition and issue...Learn more

Special education trends and variations from the United States and United Kingdom (England), 1984 to 2014

This study provides an analysis of special education data from the United States and from the United Kingdom (England) to examine national trends and to provide a research baseline for benchmarking. After years of steady increases in the US and England, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (...Learn more

Special education tuition reimbursement claims.

The ability of parents of children with disabilities to seek reimbursement for private school tuition is one of the most controversial aspects of special education law. Using a comprehensive sample of published court and hearing officer decisions regarding tuition reimbursement, this study,...Learn more

Spotlight on Students With Disabilities

This brief discusses survey results about districts’ perceptions of the ease with which they were able to provide services for students with disabilities and to comply with federal law governing the education of students with disab ilities.Learn more

State Laws for Due Process Hearings Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

The IDEA provides the fundamental framework for state-level resolution of special education disputes, while also allowing states to add to (but not subtract from) the regulations for state and local education agencies. In this article Zirkel presents how each state has supplemented the federal...Learn more

States' Accountability and Progress in Serving Young Children With Disabilities

[abstract] Since the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), there has been a growing focus on improving the quality of programs for children with disabilities and measuring the results/outcomes of those programs. Across the country, IDEA Part C Programs for...Learn more

Student and Parent IEP Collaboration: A Comparison Across School Settings

[abstract] "The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed across rural, urban, and suburban environments when special education teachers reported perceived levels of student and parent involvement and participation during IEP meetings. The investigators surveyed special...Learn more

The Broken Compass: Parental Involvement With Children's Education

[Abstract from publisher] "It seems like common sense that children do better when parents are actively involved in their schooling. But how well does the evidence stack up? The Broken Compass puts this question to the test in the most thorough scientific investigation to date of how parents across...Learn more

The efficacy of mediation in the resolution of parent-school special education disputes. Report from Rutgers: A working paper series.

The study reported here focused on whether some special education disputes are resolved more effectively and efficiently by mediation than by a due process hearing, and whether parents and school officials feel satisfied about the process, outcome, and implementation of the agreement. Researchers...Learn more

The Facilitated Individualized Education Program Process: State Perspectives

[Abstract] Conflict between parents and school personnel continues to be an area of concern for students with disabilities, despite efforts by lawmakers to provide more parental input into the process of identification and continuation of special education services. Recent data suggest that...Learn more

The Individual Education Plan: A Parents’ Perspective

[abstract] “The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine the perceptions of parents of special education students regarding the Individual Education Plan (IEP) and process. A total of 168 parents or guardians of sixth-, seventh-, and eighth-grade middle school special education students...Learn more

The Outcomes of Fully Adjudicated Impartial Hearings under the IDEA: A Nationally Representative Analysis with and without New York

The purpose of this study was to determine the national outcomes distribution of DPH decision outcomes for a relatively recent six-year period. A secondary purpose was to determine whether New York decisions were such a distinct and major outlier to justify omitting them for a more precise picture...Learn more

The perceptions of Illinois school administrators and parents regarding mediated special education disputes (due process, dispute resolution).

The purpose of this study was to determine if the process and outcome of mediation of disputes between Illinois parents and school administrators over special education issues were perceived to be a fair and satisfying alternative to the legally mandated conflict resolution process, the due process...Learn more

The School-Family Partnership Training Program

[Abstract ] The School Family Partnership Training Program was an innovative program created and implemented out of a desire to assist schools and families to connect with one another. The program was implemented over a six-week period with one and one-half hour combined sessions for families of a...Learn more

The state complaint procedure under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

In a survey of Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) complaint managers in 35 states, most respondents believed that neither educator nor parental awareness of the state complaint procedure had increased since its reinsertion into the 1992 IDEA regulations. A majority concluded that...Learn more

The underutilized potential of teacher-to-parent communication: Evidence from a field experiment

[Abstract] Parental involvement is correlated with student performance, though the causal relationship is less well established. This experiment examined an intervention that delivered weekly one-sentence individualized messages from teachers to the parents of high school students in a credit...Learn more

Trends in Impartial Hearings under the IDEA: A Comparative Enrollments-Based Analysis

This article examines trends in Due Process Hearings across fifty-two jurisdictions, including the fifty states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. Questions addressed include, 1) For the period 2012-2017, what are the differences, if any, in ranking jurisdictions based on the numbers of...Learn more

Using Interactive Multimedia to Teach Parent Advocacy Skills: An Exploratory Study

This article explores the effectiveness of a CD-ROM-based training program for parents to learn advocacy skills. The test group of participants reported improvement in their skills application, knowledge, and attitudes related to advocacy in parent-teacher communication. "The CD-ROM–based program...Learn more

What Do Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Think?

[Abstract] "The purpose of this mixed methods study was to better understand the perspectives of parents with children who are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders regarding the Individualized Education Program (IEP) process, and interventions implemented to help their child meet IEP goals. The...Learn more

What Virginia Principals Should Know and Be Able to Do to Minimize Special Education Disputes Between Families and Schools: A Delphi Study

[abstract] "Today’s schools face a mounting number of court cases resulting from conflicts between parents of children with special needs and educators tasked with meeting those needs (Osborne, 2009). Principals have the enormous responsibility to ensure appropriate services to educate students...Learn more

Literature Articles

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Special education attorney’s fees: of Buckhannon, the IDEA reauthorization bills, and the IDEA as civil rights statute.

Special education case law: An empirical trends analysis.

Special Education Directors’ Experiences Preventing and Responding To Requests for Due Process Hearings

Special education due process hearings in Illinois.

Special education trends and variations from the United States and United Kingdom (England), 1984 to 2014

Special education tuition reimbursement claims.

Spotlight on Students With Disabilities

State Laws for Due Process Hearings Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

States' Accountability and Progress in Serving Young Children With Disabilities

Student and Parent IEP Collaboration: A Comparison Across School Settings

The Broken Compass: Parental Involvement With Children's Education

The efficacy of mediation in the resolution of parent-school special education disputes. Report from Rutgers: A working paper series.

The Facilitated Individualized Education Program Process: State Perspectives

The Individual Education Plan: A Parents’ Perspective

The Outcomes of Fully Adjudicated Impartial Hearings under the IDEA: A Nationally Representative Analysis with and without New York

The perceptions of Illinois school administrators and parents regarding mediated special education disputes (due process, dispute resolution).

The School-Family Partnership Training Program

The state complaint procedure under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

The underutilized potential of teacher-to-parent communication: Evidence from a field experiment

Trends in Impartial Hearings under the IDEA: A Comparative Enrollments-Based Analysis

Using Interactive Multimedia to Teach Parent Advocacy Skills: An Exploratory Study

What Do Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Think?

What Virginia Principals Should Know and Be Able to Do to Minimize Special Education Disputes Between Families and Schools: A Delphi Study

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